Glaucoma is part of a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, potentially leading to vision loss. Worryingly, the condition can progress slowly without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, early detection and proper treatment can prevent or significantly slow vision loss.
If you’re not sure what the condition is or what to look out for, we’ve outlined everything you need to know below.
What is glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, leading to sight loss. It’s usually caused by high pressure in the eye and can therefore affect anybody. However, it’s more prevalent in people over 60 with 4% of the population aged over 50 developing the condition.
There are a few main types of glaucoma:
- Open-angle: This is caused by damage to the filter in the eye’s drainage channels.
- Angle-closure: This develops when the drainage angle is rapidly blocked. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
- Low-tension or normal-tension— This type can damage the optic nerve without excessive pressure.
- Congenital— This occurs in children due to underdeveloped drainage canals in the eye during the prenatal period.
- Uveitic (inflammatory)— Usually caused by autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
- Neovascular— Normally accompanying poorly controlled diabetes and other conditions that damage blood vessels.
What causes glaucoma?
Increased eye pressure is the main cause. This pressure is caused by the buildup of fluid inside the eye. Other factors include age, family history, ethnicity and certain medical conditions like diabetes.
What are the symptoms?
Unfortunately, glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. This is why regular eye examinations are crucial for early detection.
In some cases, individuals might experience peripheral vision loss, blurred vision or seeing halos around lights. These symptoms typically occur in later stages. If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to get them checked sooner rather than later.
How can I treat glaucoma?
The main aim of treatment is to lower eye pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage.
Some of the best treatment options include:
- Medication: Eye drops can help reduce the risk of developing the condition for many patients.
- Specialty contact lenses: In some cases, ophthalmologists might recommend specialised contact lenses with drainage channels to help lower eye pressure. These lenses require careful monitoring and fitting by a qualified eye care professional. For those who require vision correction for astigmatism along with glaucoma, toric lenses designed for glaucoma management may be an option.
Final thoughts…
While glaucoma can sound scary as it can lead to vision loss, the good news is that it’s an easily preventable and manageable condition. By working closely with your ophthalmologist and understanding how to manage your condition, you can continue to wear contact lenses while prioritising your eye health.
